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  • Pretrial Vol. 1
    • Contents and Preface
    • 1 Pretrial Release
      • 1.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 1.1 Importance of Pretrial Release
      • 1.2 Required Proceedings
      • 1.3 Eligibility for Pretrial Release
      • 1.4 Exceptions to Eligibility for Pretrial Release
      • 1.5 Types of Pretrial Release
      • 1.6 Law Governing Judge’s Discretion
      • 1.7 Investigation and Preparation for Bond Reduction Motion
      • 1.8 Procedure for Bond Reduction Motion
      • 1.9 Post-Release Issues
      • 1.10 Release Pending Appeal
      • 1.11 Dismissal as Remedy for Violations
      • Appendix 1-1 Interview Checklist for Bond Hearing
    • 2 Capacity to Proceed
      • 2.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 2.1 Standard for Capacity to Proceed to Trial
      • 2.2 Investigating Capacity to Proceed
      • 2.3 Deciding Whether to Question Capacity
      • 2.4 Obtaining an Expert Evaluation
      • 2.5 Examination by State Facility or Local Examiner
      • 2.6 Post-Examination Procedure
      • 2.7 Hearings on Capacity to Proceed
      • 2.8 Procedure After Order of Incapacity
      • 2.9 Admissibility at Trial of Results of Capacity Evaluation
      • Appendix 2-1 Summary of Legislation
    • 3 Probable Cause Hearings
      • 3.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 3.1 Purpose of Hearing
      • 3.2 Right to Hearing
      • 3.3 Waiver of Hearing
      • 3.4 Whether to Have Hearing
      • 3.5 Hearing Procedures
      • 3.6 Disposition after Hearing
      • Appendix 3-1 Sample Question for Probable Cause and Preliminary Hearings
    • 4 Discovery
      • 4.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 4.1 Types of Defense Discovery
      • 4.2 Procedure to Obtain Discovery
      • 4.3 Discovery Rights under G.S. 15A-903
      • 4.4 Other Discovery Categories and Mechanisms
      • 4.5 Brady Material
      • 4.6 Other Constitutional Rights
      • 4.7 Subpoenas
      • 4.8 Prosecution’s Discovery Rights
    • 5 Experts and Other Assistance
      • 5.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 5.1 Right to Expert
      • 5.2 Required Showing for Expert
      • 5.3. Applying for Funding
      • 5.4 Components of Request for Funding
      • 5.5 Obtaining an Expert Ex Parte in Noncapital Cases
      • 5.6 Specific Types of Experts
      • 5.7 Confidentiality of Expert’s Work
      • 5.8 Right to Other Assistance
    • 6 Joinder and Severance
      • 6.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 6.1 Joinder and Severance of Offenses
      • 6.2 Joinder and Severance of Defendants
      • 6.3 Procedures for Joinder or Severance
    • 7 Speedy Trial and Related Issues
      • 7.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 7.1 Statutory Protections against Delayed Prosecution
      • 7.2 Pre-Accusation Delay
      • 7.3 Post-Accusation Delay
      • 7.4 Prosecutor’s Calendaring Authority
    • 8 Criminal Pleadings
      • 8.0 Contents
      • 8.1 Importance of Criminal Pleadings
      • 8.2 Misdemeanors Tried in District Court
      • 8.3 Misdemeanor Appeals
      • 8.4 Felonies and Misdemeanors Initiated in Superior Court
      • 8.5 Common Pleading Defects in Superior Court
      • 8.6 Limits on Successive Prosecution
      • 8.7 Apprendi and Blakely Issues
    • 9 Grand Jury Proceedings
      • 9.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 9.1 Composition of Grand Jury
      • 9.2 Challenges to Grand Jury Composition or Selection of Foreperson
      • 9.3 Grand Jury Procedures
      • 9.4 Challenges to Grand Jury Procedures
      • 9.5 Special Investigative Grand Juries
      • 9.6 References
    • 10 Jurisdiction
      • 10.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 10.1 Types of Jurisdiction
      • 10.2 Territorial Jurisdiction
      • 10.3 Federal Enclaves
      • 10.4 Personal Jurisdiction
      • 10.5 Subject Matter Jurisdiction of District Court
      • 10.6. Subject Matter Jurisdiction of Juvenile Court
      • 10.7 Subject Matter Jurisdiction of Superior Court
      • 10.8 Jurisdiction of Individual Judges
      • 10.9 Appeals, Post-Conviction Litigation, and Writs
    • 11 Venue
      • 11.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 11.1 Location of Proper Venue
      • 11.2 Challenging Improper Venue
      • 11.3 Change of Venue
      • 11.4. Alternative Relief
    • 12 Right to Counsel
      • 12.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 12.1 Scope of Right to Counsel
      • 12.2 Consequences of Denial of Counsel
      • 12.3 Types of Cases in which Right to Counsel Applies
      • 12.4 Stages of Criminal Case in which Right to Counsel Applies
      • 12.5 Appointment of Counsel
      • 12.6 Waiver of Counsel
      • 12.7 Right to Effective Assistance of Counsel
      • 12.8 Attorney-Client Relationship
      • 12.9 Repayment of Attorneys Fees
      • Appendix 12-1 Dealing with Conflicts in Criminal Defense Representation
    • 13 Motions Practice
      • 13.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 13.1 Types and Timing of Pretrial Motions
      • 13.2 Procedural Requirements in Superior Court
      • 13.3 Motions Practice in District Court
      • 13.4 Miscellaneous Motions
    • 14 Suppression Motions
      • 14.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 14.1 Evidence Subject to Exclusion
      • 14.2 Warrants and Illegal Searches and Seizures
      • 14.3 Illegal Confessions or Admissions
      • 14.4 Illegal Identification Procedures
      • 14.5 Substantial Violations of Criminal Procedure Act
      • 14.6 Procedures Governing Suppression Motions
      • 14.7 Appeal of Suppression Motions
    • 15 Stops and Warrantless Searches
      • 15.0 Contents
      • 15.1 General Approach
      • 15.2 Did the Officer Seize the Defendant?
      • 15.3 Did the Officer Have Grounds for the Seizure?
      • 15.4 Did the Officer Act within the Scope of the Seizure?
      • 15.5 Did the Officer Have Grounds to Arrest or Search?
      • 15.6 Did the Officer Act within the Scope of the Arrest or Search?
      • Appendix 15-1 Stops and Warrantless Searches: Five Basic Steps
  • Trial Vol. 2
    • Contents and Preface
    • 21 Personal Rights of Defendant
      • 21.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 21.1 Right to Be Present
      • 21.2 Right to Confront Witnesses
      • 21.3 Right to Testify
      • 21.4 Right to Allocution
      • 21.5 Right to Appear in Civilian Clothes
      • 21.6 Right to Appear Free of Physical Restraints
    • 22 Duties and Conduct of Presiding Judge
      • 22.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 22.1 Impartiality
      • 22.2 Recusal of Trial Judge
      • 22.3 Control of Proceedings
      • 22.4 Maintaining Order and Security in the Courtroom
    • 23 Guilty Pleas
      • 23.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 23.1 In General
      • 23.2 Basic Steps
      • 23.3 Preparing the Plea Agreement
      • 23.4 The Plea Procedure
      • 23.5 Felony Sentencing
      • 23.6 Appeal from Guilty Pleas
      • 23.7 Other Issues
      • Appendix 23‐1 Checklist for Guilty Pleas
    • 24 Right to Jury
      • 24.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 24.1 Right to Jury Trial under Sixth Amendment
      • 24.2 Right to Jury Trial under North Carolina Constitution
    • 25 Selection of Jury
      • 25.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 25.1 The Jury Pool
      • 25.2 Qualifying the Jury
      • 25.3 Voir Dire
      • 25.4 Excusing Jurors for Cause
      • 25.5 Peremptory Challenges
    • 26 Jury Misconduct
      • 26.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 26.1 Right to a Fair and Impartial Jury
      • 26.2 Exposure to Extraneous Information
      • 26.3 Other Common Types of Misconduct
    • 27 Miscellaneous Jury Procedures
      • 27.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 27.1 Note Taking by the Jury
      • 27.2 Authorized Jury View
      • 27.3 Substitution of Alternates
      • 27.4 Questioning of Witnesses by the Jury
      • 27.5 Sequestration of Jurors During Trial
      • 27.6 Polling of the Jury
    • 28 Opening Statements
      • 28.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 28.1 Right to Opening Statement
      • 28.2 Purpose and Scope
      • 28.3 Reserving or Waiving Opening Statement
      • 28.4 Variance between Opening Statement and Proof
      • 28.5 Opening the Door to Otherwise Inadmissible Evidence
      • 28.6 Admissions of Guilt During Opening Statement
      • 28.7 Preservation of Issues for Appellate Review
      • Appendix 28-1 Guideline 7.4 Opening Statement
    • 29 Witnesses
      • 29.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 29.1 Securing the Attendance of Witnesses by Subpoena and Other Process
      • 29.2 Securing the Production of Documents or Physical Evidence by Subpoena
      • 29.3 Sequestration of Witnesses
      • 29.4 Competency of Witnesses
      • 29.5 Presentation of the Evidence
      • 29.6 Witness Examination
      • 29.7 Defendant’s Right to Testify or Not to Testify
      • 29.8 Remote Testimony
      • 29.9 Oath or Affirmation
    • 30 Motions to Dismiss Based on Insufficient Evidence
      • 30.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 30.1 Legal Standard
      • 30.2 Due Process Requirements
      • 30.3 Procedural Requirements
      • 30.4 Effect of Dismissal
      • 30.5 Fatal Variance
    • 31 Mistrials
      • 31.0 Contents
      • 31.1 Purposes of Mistrial
      • 31.2 Timing of Mistrial Order
      • 31.3 Standard of Review on Appeal
      • 31.4 Mistrial Based on Prejudice to the Defendant
      • 31.5 Mistrial Based on Prejudice to the State
      • 31.6 Impossibility of Proceeding in Conformity With the Law
      • 31.7 Juror Deadlock
      • 31.8 Findings of Fact
      • 31.9 Double Jeopardy and Mistrials
      • 31.10 Practical Effect of Mistrials
    • 32 Instructions to the Jury
      • 32.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 32.1 General Requirements
      • 32.2 Charge Conference
      • 32.3 Explanation of the Law
      • 32.4 Requests for Instructions
      • 32.5 Additional Instructions after Jury Retires
      • 32.6 Trial Judge’s Authority to Provide Written Instructions to the Jury
      • 32.7 Disjunctive Jury Instructions
      • 32.8 IDS Performance Guidelines: Practical Considerations
      • 32.9 Preservation of Issues for Appeal
    • 33 Closing Arguments
      • 33.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 33.1 Right to Closing Argument
      • 33.2 Purpose and Scope of Closing Argument
      • 33.3 Time Limits
      • 33.4 Number of Addresses
      • 33.5 Order of Arguments
      • 33.6 Admissions of Guilt During Closing Argument
      • 33.7 Limitations on the Prosecution’s Argument
      • 33.8 Preservation of Issues for Appellate Review
      • Appendix 33‐1 Guideline 7.7 Closing Argument
    • 34 Deliberations and Verdict
      • 34.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 34.1 Instructions to the Jury about Reaching a Verdict
      • 34.2 Requests to Review Testimony and Exhibits During Deliberations
      • 34.3 Coercion of the Verdict by the Trial Judge
      • 34.4 Improper Expression of Opinion by Trial Judge
      • 34.5 Deadlock
      • 34.6 Use of Juror Notes During Deliberations
      • 34.7 Verdicts
    • 35 Appeals, Post‐Conviction Litigation, and Writs
      • 35.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 35.1 Appeals by the Defendant
      • 35.2 Appeals by the State
      • 35.3 Motions for Appropriate Relief
      • 35.4 State Habeas Corpus
      • 35.5 Resentencing after Successful Appellate or Post‐Conviction Review
      • 35.6 Trial Judges' Authority to Correct, Modify, or Amend Judgments
      • 35.7 Extraordinary Writs
      • 35.8 Innocence Inquiry Commission
    • Appendix A Performance Guidelines
    • Appendix B Preserving the Record on Appeal
  • Race
    • Contents and Preface
    • 1 Recognizing and Addressing Issues of Race in Criminal Cases
      • 1.0 Contents
      • 1.1 Purpose of Manual
      • 1.2 Scope of Chapter
      • 1.3 Potential Factors Relevant to Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System
      • 1.4 Sources of Law
      • 1.5 Overcoming Concerns About Raising Race
    • 2 Police Investigation: Stops, Searches and Arrests
      • 2.0 Contents
      • 2.1 Scope of Chapter
      • 2.2 Overview of Racial Profiling Concerns
      • 2.3 Equal Protection Challenges to Police Action
      • 2.4 Overview of the Protections Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures
      • 2.5 Consensual Encounters
      • 2.6 Traffic and Pedestrian Stops
      • 2.7 Other Selected Aspects of Warrantless Stops
      • 2.8 Beyond Litigation
    • 3 Eyewitness Identifications
      • 3.0 Contents
      • 3.1 Scope of Chapter
      • 3.2 Overview of Risks of Misidentification
      • 3.3 Cross-Racial Impairment
      • 3.4 Due Process, Right to Counsel, and Rules of Evidence
      • 3.5 Eyewitness Identification Reform Act
      • 3.6 Procedures for Challenging Eyewitness Identification Evidence
    • 4 Pretrial Release
      • 4.0 Contents
      • 4.1 Scope of Chapter
      • 4.2 Overview
      • 4.3 Legal Restrictions
      • 4.4 Pretrial Advocacy Strategies
      • 4.5 Policy Considerations
    • 5 Selective Prosecution: Plea Negotiations and Charging Decisions by Prosecutors
      • 5.0 Contents
      • 5.1 Scope of Chapter
      • 5.2 Overview
      • 5.3 Equal Protection Limits on Selective Prosecution
      • 5.4 Making Out a Claim of Selective Prosecution
      • 5.5 Beyond Litigation
    • 6 Composition of the Grand Jury and Trial Jury
      • 6.0 Contents
      • 6.1 Scope of Chapter
      • 6.2 Overview
      • 6.3 Fair Cross-Section Challenges
      • 6.4 Equal Protection Challenges
      • 6.5 Challenges to North Carolina Procedures for Jury Formation
      • 6.6 Beyond Litigation: Efforts to Ensure Representative Juries
      • 6.7 Glossary of Jury Terms and Jury Formation Flowchart
    • 7 Selection of the Trial Jury: Peremptory Challenges
      • 7.0 Contents
      • 7.1 Scope of Chapter
      • 7.2 Overview
      • 7.3 Legal Restrictions on Peremptory Challenges
      • 7.4 Litigating a Batson Challenge
      • 7.5 Beyond Litigation
    • 8 Addressing Race at Trial
      • 8.0 Contents
      • 8.1 Scope of Chapter
      • 8.2 Raising Race During Jury Selection and at Trial
      • 8.3 Jury Selection
      • 8.4 References to Race at Trial
      • 8.5 Examples of Improper Appeals to Racial Prejudice
      • 8.6 Considerations at Certain Stages of Trial
    • 9 Sentencing
      • 9.0 Contents
      • 9.1 Scope of Chapter
      • 9.2 Sentencing Policies and Practices
      • 9.3 Constitutional Limits
      • 9.4 Effective Sentencing Advocacy
    • 10 Sources of Information about Matters of Race
      • 10.0 Contents
      • 10.1 Police Investigation
      • 10.2 Pretrial Release
      • 10.3 Plea Negotiations
      • 10.4 Charging Decisions
      • 10.5 Jury Composition
      • 10.6 Jury Selection: Peremptory Challenges
      • 10.7 Sentencing
      • 10.8 Miscellaneous
  • Commitment
    • Contents and Preface
    • 1 Overview of Manual
      • 1.0 Contents
      • 1.1 Purpose of Manual
      • 1.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 1.3 Involuntary Commitment
      • 1.4 Voluntary Admission
      • 1.5 Commitments and Admissions through the Criminal Justice System
      • 1.6 Collateral Consequences
      • 1.7 Admissions Not Requiring Judicial Review
      • 1.9 Division of Mental Health Forms
      • Appendix 1-1 Commitments and Admissions: Quick Summary
    • 2 Involuntary Commitment of Adults and Minors for Mental Health Treatment
      • 2.0 Contents
      • 2.1 Overview of Involuntary Commitment Process
      • 2.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 2.3 Involuntary Commitment: Prehearing Procedures
      • 2.4 Outpatient Commitment Recommended by Physician or Eligible Psychologist Affiant
      • 2.5 Attorney Representation
      • 2.6 Initial Hearing
      • 2.7 Disposition
      • 2.8 Outpatient Commitment Supplemental Hearings
      • 2.9 Rehearings for Inpatient Commitment
      • 2.10 Rehearings for Outpatient Commitment
      • 2.11 Special Emergency Procedure
      • 2.12 Appeal
      • Appendix 2-1 Involuntary Commitment of Adults and Minors for Mental Health Treatment
      • Appendix 2-2 Memorandum to Magistrates
    • 3 Involuntary Commitment of Adults and Minors for Substance Abuse Treatment
      • 3.0 Contents
      • 3.1 Substance Abuse Commitment
      • 3.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 3.3 Involuntary Substance Abuse Commitment
      • 3.4 Attorney Representation
      • 3.5 Hearings
      • 3.6 Disposition
      • 3.7 Supplemental Hearings
      • 3.8 Rehearings
      • 3.9 Discharge by Area Authority or Physician
      • 3.10 Emergency Procedure for Violent Individuals
      • 3.11 Appeal
      • 3.12 Public Intoxication
      • Appendix 3-1 Involuntary Commitment of Adults and Minors for Substance Abuse Treatment
    • 4 Voluntary Admission of Adults for Substance Abuse Treatment
      • 4.0 Contents
      • 4.1 Voluntary Admission for Substance Abuse Treatment
      • 4.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 4.3 Admission and Treatment of Family Unit
      • 4.4 Voluntary Admission of Incompetent Adult
      • 4.5 No Admission by Advance Instruction
      • 4.6 No Admission by Health Care Power of Attorney
      • 4.7 Negotiating a Voluntary Admission When Substance Abuse Commitment Recommended
    • 5 Voluntary Admission of Incompetent Adults
      • 5.0 Contents
      • 5.1 Overview
      • 5.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 5.3 Admission by Consent of Guardian
      • 5.4 Evaluation for Admission
      • 5.5 Attorney Representation
      • 5.6 Hearings
      • 5.7 Appeal
    • 6 Voluntary Admission of Minors
      • 6.0 Contents
      • 6.1 Overview
      • 6.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 6.3 Procedures for Admission and Discharge
      • 6.4 Duties of Clerk of Superior Court
      • 6.5 Duties of Attorney for Minor
      • 6.6 Hearings
      • 6.7 Treatment
      • 6.8 Rehearings
      • 6.9 Discharge and Conditional Release
      • 6.10 Emergency Admission
    • 7 Automatic Commitment—Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity
      • 7.0 Contents
      • 7.1 Overview
      • 7.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 7.3 Characterization of Offense
      • 7.4 Temporary Restraint Pending 15A-1321 Proceedings
      • 7.5 Commitment Hearing Under Chapter 122C
      • 7.6 Disposition
      • 7.7 Rehearings
      • 7.8 Discharge or Conditional Release
    • 8 Commitment of Defendants Found Incapable of Proceeding
      • 8.0 Contents
      • 8.1 Overview
      • 8.2 North Carolina Defender Manual: Capacity to Proceed
      • 8.3 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 8.4 Applicability to Adults and Juveniles Alleged to Be Delinquent
      • 8.5 Determination of Incapacity to Proceed
      • 8.6 Referral of Defendant for Civil Commitment Proceedings
      • 8.7 Attorney Representation
      • 8.8 Preparation for Hearing
      • 8.9 Hearings
      • 8.10 Dispositional Alternatives
      • 8.11 Rehearings
      • 8.12 Termination of Commitment
      • 8.13 Supplemental Hearings in Criminal Court
      • 8.14 Defendant’s Return to Stand Trial Upon Regaining Capacity
      • Appendix 8.1 Capacity and Commitment Flow Chart
    • 9 Involuntary Commitment and Voluntary Admission of Inmates
      • 9.0 Contents
      • 9.1 Overview
      • 9.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 9.3 Involuntary Commitment of Inmates
      • 9.4 Attorney Meeting with Inmate-Respondent
      • 9.5 Termination of Commitment
      • 9.6 Voluntary Admission and Discharge of Inmates
    • 10 Voluntary Admission of Competent Adults for Treatment of Mental Illness
      • 10.0 Contents
      • 10.1 Overview
      • 10.2 Procedures for Admission and Discharge
      • 10.3 Collateral Proceedings
    • 11 Admission for Mental Health Treatment Pursuant to Advance Instruction or Health Care Power of Attorney
      • 11.0 Contents
      • 11.1 Overview
      • 11.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 11.3 Admission Pursuant to Advance Instruction
      • 11.4 Admission Pursuant to Health Care Power of Attorney
    • 12 Advising Clients on Collateral Matters and Consequences of Commitment
      • 12.0 Contents
      • 12.1 Overview
      • 12.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 12.3 Firearm Ownership and Possession
      • 12.4 Driving Privileges
      • 12.5 Restrictions on Patient Rights
      • 12.6 Expunction of Minors’ Records of Admission and Commitment
      • 12.7 Civil Rights and Remedies
      • Appendix 12-1 Involuntary Commitments and Federal Firearms Disabilities
    • Appendix A Forms
    • Appendix B Motions
    • Appendix C Working with Clients
    • Appendix D Involuntary Commitment and the Federal Gun Control Act
    • Appendix E Common Abbreviations
  • Guardianship
    • Contents and Preface
    • 1 Overview of Adult Guardianship
    • 2 Appointment of Attorney as Guardian ad Litem
    • 3 Jurisdiction and Venue
    • 4 Parties, Pleadings and Notice
    • 5 Hearings, Practice and Procedure
    • 6 Incapacity
    • 7 Appointment of Guardians
    • 8 Mediation of Adult Guardianship Cases
    • 9 Appeal of Guardianship Orders
    • 10 Modification and Termination of Guardianship Orders
  • Immigration
    • Contents and Preface
    • 1 Obligations of Defense Counsel
      • 1.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 1.1 Purpose of Manual
      • 1.2 Obligations of Defense Counsel
      • 1.3 How to Meet Your Obligations
      • 1.4 Important Terminology Used in this Manual
    • 2 Determining Your Client's Citizenship and Immigration Status
      • 2.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 2.1 Determining Whether Your Client Is a U.S. Citizen
      • 2.2 Determining Your Noncitizen Client's Particular Immigration Status
      • 2.3 Additional Interview Objectives for a Noncitizen Client
      • 2.4 Sample Questions to Identify Client's Immigration Status and Eligibility for Relief
      • Appendix 2-1 Sample Images of Immigration Documents
      • Appendix 2-2 Sample Intake Form
    • 3 Criminal Grounds of Removal and Other Immigration Consequences
      • 3.0 Contents
      • 3.1 Removal Defined
      • 3.2 Deportability vs. Inadmissibility
      • 3.3 Determining Whether a State Offense Triggers Removal
      • 3.4 Crime-Related Grounds of Deportability
      • 3.5 Crime-Related Grounds of Inadmissibility
      • 3.6 Criminal Bars to Naturalization
      • 3.7 Criminal Bars to Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
    • 4 Conviction and Sentence for Immigration Purposes
      • 4.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 4.1 Conviction for Immigration Purposes
      • 4.2 Effect of North Carolina Dispositions
      • 4.3 Sentence to a Term of Imprisonment
    • 5 Determining Possible Immigration Consequences Based on Your Client's Immigration Status
      • 5.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 5.1 Lawful Permanent Resident
      • 5.2 Refugee (who has not yet obtained LPR status)
      • 5.3 Person Granted Asylum (who has not yet obtained LPR status)
      • 5.4 Nonimmigrant Visa Holder
      • 5.5 Noncitizens with Temporary Protected Status
      • 5.6 Noncitizens without Immigration Status
      • 5.7 Summary of Priorities in Representing Noncitizen Clients by Status
    • 6 Options for Minimizing Adverse Immigration Consequences
      • 6.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 6.1 General Rules
      • 6.2 Cases Involving Aggravated Felonies
      • 6.3 Cases Involving Drugs
      • 6.4 Cases Involving Crimes Involving Moral Turpitude
      • 6.5 Cases Involving Firearms
      • 6.6 Cases Involving Domestic Violence
      • 6.7 Cases Involving Child Abuse
    • 7 Procedures Related to Removal
      • 7.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 7.1 Summary of Procedures Related to Removal
      • 7.2 Identification of In-Custody Persons Subject to Removal
      • 7.3 Immigration Detainer
      • 7.4 What Happens after Your Client is Released into the Custody of ICE
    • 8 State Post-Conviction Relief
      • 8.0 Contents and Introduction
      • 8.1 Authority for State Post-Conviction Relief
      • 8.2 Challenges under Padilla v. Kentucky
      • 8.3 Judge's Failure to Provide Immigration Advisement
      • 8.4 Other Errors
      • 8.5 Immigration Effect of Motion for Appropriate Relief
    • Appendix A Selected Immigration Consequences of North Carolina Offenses
    • Appendix B Relevant Immigration Decisions
  • Juvenile
    • Contents and Preface
    • 1 Overview of Manual and Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings
      • 1.0 Contents
      • 1.1 Purpose of Manual
      • 1.2 Basic Terminology
      • 1.3 Brief Overview of Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings
      • 1.4 Office of the Juvenile Defender
    • 2 Rights and Protections Afforded to Juveniles
      • 2.0 Contents
      • 2.1 Sources of Juvenile Rights and Protections
      • 2.2 Constitutional Rights Not Afforded to Juveniles
      • 2.3 Right to Counsel
      • 2.4 Right Against Self-Incrimination
      • 2.5 Right to Standard of Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
      • 2.6 Right to be Free from Double Jeopardy
      • 2.7 Right to an Open Hearing
      • 2.8 Right to Confidentiality
      • 2.9 Right to Appointment of Guardian
    • 3 Juvenile Court Jurisdiction and Parties to Juvenile Proceedings
      • 3.0 Contents
      • 3.1 Jurisdictional Overview
      • 3.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 3.3 Jurisdiction
      • 3.4 Venue
      • 3.5 Parties and Other Participants
      • Appendix 3-1: Role of Defense Counsel in Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings
    • 4 Communicating with the Juvenile Client
    • 5 Intake and Diversion
      • 5.0 Contents
      • 5.1 Overview
      • 5.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 5.3 Intake
      • 5.4 Diversion
    • 6 Petition and Summons
      • 6.0 Contents
      • 6.1 Overview
      • 6.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 6.3 Petition
      • 6.4 Summons
      • 6.5 Notice of Hearing
    • 7 Capacity to Proceed
      • 7.0 Contents
      • 7.1 Overview
      • 7.2 Resources on Juvenile Capacity Issues
      • 7.3 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 7.4 Motions Pending Capacity Proceedings
      • 7.5 Standard for Capacity to Proceed to Adjudication
      • 7.6 Investigating Capacity to Proceed
      • 7.7 Consequences of Questioning Capacity
      • 7.8 Obtaining an Expert Evaluation
      • 7.9 Examination by Local Examiner or State Facility
      • 7.10 Post-Examination Procedure
      • 7.11 Hearing on Capacity to Proceed
      • 7.12 Admissibility at Adjudication of Results of Capacity Evaluation
      • Appendix 7-1: Practical Tips for Attorneys on Using Capacity
    • 8 Custody and Custody Hearings
      • 8.0 Contents
      • 8.1 Overview of Custody in Delinquency Proceedings
      • 8.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 8.3 Temporary Custody
      • 8.4 Release
      • 8.5 Authority to Issue Custody Orders
      • 8.6 Secure Custody
      • 8.7 Nonsecure Custody
      • 8.8 Custody Pending Appeal
      • Appendix 8-1: Juvenile Detention Centers in North Carolina
    • 9 Probable Cause and Transfer Hearings
      • 9.0 Contents
      • 9.1 Overview
      • 9.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 9.3 First Appearance
      • 9.4 Probable Cause Hearing
      • 9.5 Finding of No Probable Cause
      • 9.6 Finding of Probable Cause
      • 9.7 Appeal of Finding of Probable Cause
      • 9.8 Transfer of Jurisdiction to Superior Court
      • 9.9 Procedures for Transfer Hearing
      • 9.10 Appeal of Order of Transfer
      • 9.11 Right to Pretrial Release on Transfer
      • 9.12 Detention Following Transfer
      • Appendix 9-1: Sample Questions for Probable Cause and Preliminary Hearings
    • 10 Discovery
      • 10.0 Contents
      • 10.1 Overview
      • 10.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 10.3 Procedures for Obtaining Discovery
      • 10.4 Juvenile's Statutory Right to Discovery
      • 10.5 Juvenile's Constitutional Right to Disclosure of Exculpatory Evidence
      • 10.6 North Carolina Rules of Professional Conduct
      • 10.7 Voluntary Disclosure by State
      • 10.8 Other Sources of Information
      • 10.9 Public Records Request
      • 10.10 State's Statutory Right to Discovery
      • 10.11 Protective Order
    • 11 Motions to Suppress
      • 11.0 Contents
      • 11.1 Motions Practice in Juvenile Court
      • 11.2 Filing Motions and Hearing Procedures
      • 11.3 Bases for Motions to Suppress Statement or Admission of Juvenile
      • 11.4 Case Law: Motions to Suppress In-Custody Statements of Juveniles
      • 11.5 Suppression of Evidence Obtained through Illegal Search and Seizure
      • 11.6 Suppression of Illegal Identifications
    • 12 Adjudicatory Hearings
      • 12.0 Contents
      • 12.1 Overview
      • 12.2 Preliminary Matters
      • 12.3 Negotiating an Admission
      • 12.4 Conduct of the Hearing on an Admission
      • 12.5 Conduct of Contested Adjudicatory Hearing
      • 12.6 Order of Adjudication
      • 12.7 Collateral Effects of Adjudication
      • 12.8 Expunction of Juvenile Record
    • 13 Dispositional Hearings
      • 13.0 Contents
      • 13.1 Overview
      • 13.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 13.3 Preliminary Matters
      • 13.4 Predisposition Investigation and Report
      • 13.5 Dispositional Hearing
      • 13.6 Dispositional Alternatives
      • 13.7 Delinquency History Levels and Offense Classification
      • 13.8 Dispositional Limits for Each Class of Offense and History Level
      • 13.9 Registration of Juvenile Adjudicated for Certain Sex Crimes
      • 13.10 Dispositional Order
      • 13.11 Modification of Dispositional Order
      • Appendix 13-1: Authorization to Prepare Pre-Disposition Report
      • Appendix 13-2: Quick Reference Guide for Dispositional Hearing
      • Appendix 13-3: Juvenile Disposition Options
    • 14 Probation
      • 14.0 Contents
      • 14.1 Overview
      • 14.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 14.3 When Probation May Be Ordered
      • 14.4 Conditions of Probation
      • 14.5 Conditions of Probation: Case Law
      • 14.6 Intensive Probation
      • 14.7 Term of Probation
      • 14.8 Violation of Probation
      • 14.9 Termination of Probation
    • 15 Commitment to the Division of Adult Correction and Juvenile Justice
      • 15.0 Contents
      • 15.1 Overview
      • 15.2 Terminology Used in this Chapter
      • 15.3 Juveniles Subject to Commitment
      • 15.4 Holdover Facility Pending Placement
      • 15.5 Role of Attorney Following Commitment
      • 15.6 Term of Commitment
      • 15.7 Placement by Division
      • 15.8 Post-Release Supervision
      • 15.9 Revocation of Post-Release Supervision
      • 15.10 Transfer Authority of Governor from Jail or Prison to Division
      • Appendix 15-1: Youth Development Centers in North Carolina
    • 16 Appeals
      • 16.0 Contents
      • 16.1 Overview
      • 16.2 Notice of Appeal
      • 16.3 Right to Appeal
      • 16.4 Transmitting the Appeal to the Appellate Defender
      • 16.5 Disposition Pending Appeal
      • 16.6 Disposition Following Resolution of Appeal
      • 16.7 Cost of Appeal
    • 17 Expunction of Juvenile Records
      • 17.0 Contents
      • 17.1 Expunction
      • 17.2 Expunction of Juvenile Court Records: Adjudication of Delinquency
      • 17.3 Expunction of Juvenile Court Records: Dismissed Petition
      • 17.4 Notice of Expunction Procedures and Expunction
      • 17.5 Effect of Expunction
    • 18 Performance Guidelines
    • 19 Raise the Age Legislation
      • 19.0 Contents
      • 19.1 Overview
      • 19.2 Changes Effective in 2017
    • Appendix A: Juvenile Justice and Medicaid
  • Practice Guides
    • The First Seven Days as a Parent Defender
      • Main Guide
      • Case File Insert
      • Initial Client Meeting Checklist
      • Authorization & Consent for Release of Client-Patient Information
      • Initial Client Contact Letter
      • Checklist for Patient Authorizations
      • Attorney Request for Records
    • The First Seven Days as GAL
      • Main Guide
      • Case-File Insert
      • GAL Report Template (Petition for Adjudication of Incompetence)
      • GAL Report Template (Motion in the Cause)
      • GAL Report Template (Restoration)
      • Initial Letter to Client
    • Defense Motions and Notices in Superior Court
      • Contents and Checklist
      • I Principles for all Motions
      • II Discovery Motions
      • III Pre-Arraignment Motions
      • IV Other Pretrial Motions and Notices with Deadlines
      • V Other Common Motions Without Deadlines
      • VI Trial-Specific Motions
      • VII Other Motions to Consider
      • VIII Select Post-Conviction Motions and Writs
  • Other Manuals
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Immigration >> 3 Criminal Grounds of Removal and Other Immigration Consequences >> 3.0 Contents

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Sections

  • 3.0 Contents
  • 3.1 Removal Defined
  • 3.2 Deportability vs. Inadmissibility
  • 3.3 Determining Whether a State Offense Triggers Removal
  • 3.4 Crime-Related Grounds of Deportability
  • 3.5 Crime-Related Grounds of Inadmissibility
  • 3.6 Criminal Bars to Naturalization
  • 3.7 Criminal Bars to Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
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